{"query": "osteosarcoma", "results": {"article": [{"id": 306, "slug": "osteosarcoma", "title": "Osteosarcoma", "snippet": "Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor of childhood, peaking during the adolescent growth spurt and typically presenting with deep bone pain and swelling near\u2026", "summary": "Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor of childhood, peaking during the adolescent growth spurt and typically presenting with deep bone pain and swelling near the knee, treated with chemotherapy plus surgical resection.", "status": "published", "section_count": 13, "section_match_count": 9, "sections": [{"section_id": "78cbe89ea2164f4ab4be246bb469499e", "title": "Definition", "snippet": "Osteosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor characterized by tumor cells that produce osteoid (the unmineralized organic matrix of bone), and by exceptionally high chromosomal i\u2026"}, {"section_id": "3b8222047744493b94dfb6ae88a03112", "title": "In short", "snippet": "- Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children; annual US incidence is about 4.8-5.7 cases per million children/adolescents 0-19 years, with roughly 450 new pedia\u2026"}, {"section_id": "38d4962024b24a258f7544a8aef9711f", "title": "Etiology", "snippet": "Osteosarcoma is characterized by an exceptionally high number of structural chromosomal abnormalities, and microRNAs (noncoding regulatory RNA molecules) are thought to play a role\u2026"}, {"section_id": "a5931b085d7a4a959c4ae538eaa9c878", "title": "Epidemiology", "snippet": "The average annual incidence of osteosarcoma in the United States is approximately 4.8-5.7 cases per million children aged 0-19 years, with about 450 children diagnosed annually an\u2026"}, {"section_id": "a1d9eeaddabd4f13b91e516ef2538fc4", "title": "Diagnostics", "snippet": "\u2026ging at diagnosis includes both a plain radiograph and MRI. Osteosarcoma on plain film typically shows a mixed pattern of bone lysis and sclerosis with an irregular tumor-bone boun\u2026"}, {"section_id": "09dc948427384e98b8992ac0079ea5e1", "title": "Diagnosis", "snippet": "\u2026mal and cannot be used to reassure against malignancy. Once osteosarcoma is suspected, percutaneous core-needle biopsy is arranged with careful planning of the needle tract in coor\u2026"}]}, {"id": 453, "slug": "pediatric-radiology-the-classic-findings", "title": "Pediatric Radiology: The Classic Findings", "snippet": "Pediatric radiology turns on a short list of named signs, one per condition, running from the neonatal chest to the growing skeleton, abuse, and the head and spine. Recognizing eac\u2026", "summary": "Pediatric radiology turns on a short list of named signs, one per condition, running from the neonatal chest to the growing skeleton, abuse, and the head and spine. Recognizing each sign, its mechanism, and its closest mimic is usually what decides the next scan, specialist, or trip to the operating room, more than the finding alone.", "status": "published", "section_count": 55, "section_match_count": 5, "sections": [{"section_id": "79430f44cb8a473ca38bcd4fceac62cf", "title": "Osteosarcoma: the sunburst and Codman triangle", "snippet": "The classic osteosarcoma radiograph combines a destructive, mixed lytic and blastic lesion at the metaphysis of a long bone, the distal femur being the single most common site, wit\u2026"}, {"section_id": "ccd3f2ff7b1e46d5bab89cf0c4d46b0b", "title": "Ewing sarcoma: onion-skin periosteal reaction", "snippet": "\u2026ytic lesion within the bone. The distinguishing detail from osteosarcoma is location as much as pattern: Ewing sarcoma favors the diaphysis of long bones and flat bones such as the\u2026"}, {"section_id": "a4bf9719f7cb425aab608a133c460c75", "title": "Osteomyelitis: periosteal reaction and lucency", "snippet": "This 5-year-old's story captures why osteomyelitis is diagnosed by more than the plain film: despite fever, leg pain, and swelling with confirmed infection, his radiograph showed n\u2026"}, {"section_id": "8f5eff4e7b7243399a3e3ad3c5259f11", "title": "In short", "snippet": "\u2026a. - Sunburst periosteal reaction with a Codman triangle is osteosarcoma (metaphyseal); onion-skin periosteal reaction is Ewing sarcoma (diaphyseal, marrow-based, and can mimic ost\u2026"}, {"section_id": "40950bec808a4fe4bcdf468c5e408182", "title": "Signs compared", "snippet": "\u2026MRI Spiculated periosteal reaction, lifted periosteal wedge Osteosarcoma MRI, chest CT staging, biopsy at a treating center Onion-skin periosteal reaction Radiograph, MRI Multilaye\u2026"}]}, {"id": 175, "slug": "osteomyelitis", "title": "Osteomyelitis", "snippet": "Osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of bone, most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, presenting with fever and focal bone pain in children under 16 years old. Early recog\u2026", "summary": "Osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of bone, most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, presenting with fever and focal bone pain in children under 16 years old. Early recognition and imaging are essential, as plain radiographs may appear normal initially.", "status": "published", "section_count": 12, "section_match_count": 3, "sections": [{"section_id": "f689775f374b435e83bf46bef6e44385", "title": "Diagnosis", "snippet": "Diagnosis requires two of the following: pus on bone aspirate, clinical findings consistent with the diagnosis, positive blood or bone aspirate cultures, or consistent imaging find\u2026"}, {"section_id": "fc9ed6c5a27446e39b626676f3474804", "title": "In short", "snippet": "- Osteomyelitis is bacterial bone infection; S. aureus causes the majority of cases across all ages - Affects children under 16 years (50% under age 5); twice as common in boys - L\u2026"}, {"section_id": "9b07e9152fb14daf984a70e66c5c13cb", "title": "Clinical paths", "snippet": "Recognition and Initial Assessment The goal of treatment is prompt recognition of osteomyelitis in the febrile child presenting with bone pain. A focused history is obtained, inclu\u2026"}]}, {"id": 208, "slug": "femur-fracture", "title": "Femur Fracture", "snippet": "A child's femur remodels and even overgrows after fracture because of thick periosteum and an open growth plate, and age itself signals mechanism: a fracture before walking age is \u2026", "summary": "A child's femur remodels and even overgrows after fracture because of thick periosteum and an open growth plate, and age itself signals mechanism: a fracture before walking age is abuse until proven otherwise. Treatment therefore follows the growing skeleton, from a Pavlik harness in infancy to rigid nailing only once the femoral head's fragile blood supply is safe.", "status": "published", "section_count": 18, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "42d08c907e7147a0a999f5448a1b73a8", "title": "Pathologic fractures and stress fractures", "snippet": "\u2026d's-crook bowing that predisposes to fracture. Malignancy \u2014 osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma \u2014 should be suspected when the lesion looks aggressive: poorly defined margins, cortical d\u2026"}]}, {"id": 256, "slug": "osgood-schlatter-disease", "title": "Osgood-Schlatter Disease", "snippet": "Osgood-Schlatter disease is a self-limited traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle from repetitive quadriceps/patellar tendon stress in growing, active adolescents, treated wit\u2026", "summary": "Osgood-Schlatter disease is a self-limited traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle from repetitive quadriceps/patellar tendon stress in growing, active adolescents, treated with activity modification and NSAIDs until the growth plate closes.", "status": "published", "section_count": 13, "section_match_count": 3, "sections": [{"section_id": "ff4d44d4a6d940edba9eb60e64983ce5", "title": "In short", "snippet": "- Osgood-Schlatter disease is a traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle at the insertion of the patellar tendon, caused by repetitive quadriceps traction during running/jumping\u2026"}, {"section_id": "62c21fd9fa5149d8a1a2135c34beb5dc", "title": "Diagnostics", "snippet": "Osgood-Schlatter disease is a clinical diagnosis; radiographs are not required to confirm it. When obtained - typically to exclude other pathology such as neoplasm or an acute avul\u2026"}, {"section_id": "bcc18011a5034f168a54f6b67288adb6", "title": "Diagnosis", "snippet": "Osgood-Schlatter disease is diagnosed clinically; radiographs are not required but are reasonable if there is concern for an acute avulsion fracture, neoplasm, or if the presentati\u2026"}]}, {"id": 311, "slug": "obstructive-sleep-apnea", "title": "Obstructive Sleep Apnea", "snippet": "Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, affecting 1-5% of children and peaking at 2-8 years when tonsils and adenoids are largest relat\u2026", "summary": "Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, affecting 1-5% of children and peaking at 2-8 years when tonsils and adenoids are largest relative to the airway. Over 95% of cases are structural, polysomnography confirms the diagnosis and severity, and adenotonsillectomy is first-line with CPAP for those it does not help.", "status": "published", "section_count": 11, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "cac5171b670d4f30b7df2a927840a311", "title": "Clinical paths", "snippet": "OSAS is screened for using the history and exam findings above whenever a child presents with habitual snoring, witnessed apnea, morning headache, daytime sleepiness, new-onset sec\u2026"}]}, {"id": 148, "slug": "menorrhagia", "title": "Menorrhagia", "snippet": "Ovarian cysts are common in pediatric patients from neonates to adolescents, with most being physiologic and resolving spontaneously, though larger cysts carry increased risk of ov\u2026", "summary": "Ovarian cysts are common in pediatric patients from neonates to adolescents, with most being physiologic and resolving spontaneously, though larger cysts carry increased risk of ovarian torsion. Early recognition of torsion symptoms and appropriate imaging interpretation are critical for preserving ovarian function and preventing surgical emergencies.", "status": "published", "section_count": 13, "section_match_count": 2, "sections": [{"section_id": "eca838f44e3844289a2857cd2992992c", "title": "In short", "snippet": "- Simple ovarian cysts 5 cm but can occur with any size cyst; it's a surgical emergency requiring immediate intervention - Cysts <4-5 cm are monitored with surveillance ultrasound;\u2026"}, {"section_id": "87604548e7944fb1b2806fa67668e55f", "title": "Sarcoidosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Recognition", "snippet": "Sarcoidosis is a rare, chronic, granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by an exaggerated cellular immune response to an unclear antigen. The pathophysiology involv\u2026"}]}, {"id": 157, "slug": "lymphoma", "title": "Lymphoma", "snippet": "Lymphoma represents the third most common childhood cancer and the leading malignancy in adolescents aged 15-19 years, arising from malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells in nod\u2026", "summary": "Lymphoma represents the third most common childhood cancer and the leading malignancy in adolescents aged 15-19 years, arising from malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells in nodes, thymus, and spleen. Early recognition of superior vena cava syndrome as an oncologic emergency and prompt initiation of risk-stratified multiagent chemotherapy determine outcomes, with localized disease achieving 99%", "status": "published", "section_count": 14, "section_match_count": 0, "sections": []}, {"id": 235, "slug": "abdominal-mass", "title": "Abdominal Mass", "snippet": "A palpable abdominal mass in a child is most often benign and renal in the newborn, then shifts toward Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma in infancy and toward ovarian and lymphomatous \u2026", "summary": "A palpable abdominal mass in a child is most often benign and renal in the newborn, then shifts toward Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma in infancy and toward ovarian and lymphomatous masses in adolescence. Whether the mass crosses the midline, and markers such as urine catecholamines and alpha-fetoprotein, distinguish Wilms tumor from neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma, and recognizing tumor lysis and ", "status": "published", "section_count": 16, "section_match_count": 3, "sections": [{"section_id": "251364f1a7604a269e37148e85af0dc6", "title": "Rhabdomyosarcoma, germ cell tumors, and ovarian masses", "snippet": "Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common childhood soft-tissue sarcoma, about half of cases, arising wherever there is striated muscle or the embryonal mesenchyme that forms it \u2014 in the\u2026"}, {"section_id": "b5b012aad5b041269c769deb30c02e29", "title": "Oncologic and surgical emergencies", "snippet": "Tumor lysis syndrome occurs when many tumor cells die synchronously, spontaneously in a bulky, rapidly proliferating tumor such as Burkitt lymphoma, or once chemotherapy starts, re\u2026"}, {"section_id": "a3ebd5ad393e40ba84d5ae4d8f41a270", "title": "Neuroblastoma: evaluation, biology-driven risk, and outcome", "snippet": "Diagnosis is made by tumor tissue biopsy, or by bone marrow biopsy showing unequivocal neuroblastoma combined with elevated urinary catecholamine metabolites, homovanillic acid and\u2026"}]}, {"id": 422, "slug": "bacterial-infections", "title": "Bacterial Infections", "snippet": "Bacterial infections in children range from localized cellulitis to life-threatening meningitis and sepsis, with age-specific pathogens determining clinical presentation and empiri\u2026", "summary": "Bacterial infections in children range from localized cellulitis to life-threatening meningitis and sepsis, with age-specific pathogens determining clinical presentation and empirical treatment choices. Early recognition of serious bacterial infection and prompt antimicrobial therapy significantly reduce morbidity and mortality, particularly in young infants where bacteremia risk is highest.", "status": "published", "section_count": 20, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "7f6a460942a94075bb84553dc5903534", "title": "Osteomyelitis", "snippet": "[[Osteomyelitis osteomyelitis]] involves [[bacterial infection bacterial-infection]] of bone and bone marrow, typically occurring when organisms seed bone via hematogenous spread, \u2026"}]}, {"id": 172, "slug": "knee-injury", "title": "Knee Injury", "snippet": "Pediatric knee injury is sorted by mechanism and by when swelling arrives: immediate hemarthrosis points to an ACL tear, tibial spine avulsion, or patellar dislocation, while delay\u2026", "summary": "Pediatric knee injury is sorted by mechanism and by when swelling arrives: immediate hemarthrosis points to an ACL tear, tibial spine avulsion, or patellar dislocation, while delayed effusion points to a meniscal tear. Because ligament is stronger than open growth plate through childhood, forces that sprain an adult knee more often avulse a child's tibial spine or tubercle instead.", "status": "published", "section_count": 19, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "301e9a6747fe46e49eed26ec3aa0b2f2", "title": "Osteochondritis dissecans", "snippet": "Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a focal area of subchondral bone that loses its blood supply, becomes necrotic, and can separate, partially or completely, from the overlying car\u2026"}]}, {"id": 418, "slug": "fractures-trauma", "title": "Fractures & Trauma", "snippet": "Pediatric fractures and trauma encompass unique injury patterns due to immature skeletal anatomy, with greenstick fractures and physeal injuries being characteristic of growing bon\u2026", "summary": "Pediatric fractures and trauma encompass unique injury patterns due to immature skeletal anatomy, with greenstick fractures and physeal injuries being characteristic of growing bones. Early recognition of abuse-related fractures and proper management of growth plate injuries are critical for preventing long-term complications and ensuring normal skeletal development.", "status": "published", "section_count": 16, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "487eb8f7001e44fe90036aa6575c7336", "title": "Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Clinical Recognition", "snippet": "Osteogenesis imperfecta represents a heterogeneous group of [[connective tissue disorders connective-tissue-disorders]] resulting from quantitative and qualitative defects in type \u2026"}]}, {"id": 209, "slug": "hemophilia", "title": "Hemophilia", "snippet": "Hemophilia A and B are X-linked recessive bleeding disorders caused by deficiency of clotting factors VIII and IX respectively. They present with bleeding into joints and muscles, \u2026", "summary": "Hemophilia A and B are X-linked recessive bleeding disorders caused by deficiency of clotting factors VIII and IX respectively. They present with bleeding into joints and muscles, ranging from spontaneous bleeds in severe disease to trauma-related bleeding in mild forms, and are managed with factor replacement therapy.", "status": "published", "section_count": 11, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "6f23c400c4fc414e80f3eb1f98376202", "title": "Complications", "snippet": "Recurrent hemarthroses lead to hemophilic arthropathy, characterized by joint capsule distention from effusion and synovitis. Inflammatory changes cause cartilage destruction, eros\u2026"}]}, {"id": 323, "slug": "beckwith-wiedemann-syndrome", "title": "Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome", "snippet": "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is an overgrowth and imprinting disorder of chromosome 11p15 affecting about 1 in 14,000 births, with macrosomia, macroglossia, hemihyperplasia, omphalo\u2026", "summary": "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is an overgrowth and imprinting disorder of chromosome 11p15 affecting about 1 in 14,000 births, with macrosomia, macroglossia, hemihyperplasia, omphalocele and neonatal hypoglycemia from beta-cell hyperplasia. It carries a tumor risk near 7.5%, chiefly Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma, concentrated before age 8, so surveillance is alpha-fetoprotein and abdominal ultrasou", "status": "published", "section_count": 11, "section_match_count": 2, "sections": [{"section_id": "799e22c6520b4379bd2a8302ede950a2", "title": "Diagnostics", "snippet": "Clinical diagnosis rests on a set of major and minor features, including macrosomia, hemihyperplasia, organomegaly, typical ear creases, hypoglycemia at birth, and embryonal tumors\u2026"}, {"section_id": "8b7a4d9f22954a4c8ca4ff85e4d8c662", "title": "Clinical paths", "snippet": "In a newborn with macrosomia, macroglossia, an omphalocele or umbilical hernia, hemihyperplasia, visceromegaly, or characteristic linear ear creases, blood glucose is checked promp\u2026"}]}, {"id": 128, "slug": "ankle-sprain", "title": "Ankle Sprain", "snippet": "Ankle sprain, the commonest sports injury in children, occurs when an inverted, plantarflexed foot overloads the anterior talofibular ligament before the calcaneofibular and poster\u2026", "summary": "Ankle sprain, the commonest sports injury in children, occurs when an inverted, plantarflexed foot overloads the anterior talofibular ligament before the calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligaments engage. Because ligaments attach to bone stronger than an open growth plate, children often sustain a Salter-Harris I distal fibular fracture rather than a true tear, and functional treatment be", "status": "published", "section_count": 15, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "604c16cc3e7d4c5681e9788034dc2d35", "title": "The Ottawa ankle and foot rules, and when to image beyond a plain film", "snippet": "Because bony and ligamentous injuries present with the same pain and swelling, the Ottawa rules decide who needs a radiograph with high sensitivity while sparing children who do no\u2026"}]}, {"id": 162, "slug": "sickle-cell-disease", "title": "Sickle Cell Disease", "snippet": "Sickle cell disease arises from a single beta-globin mutation (Glu6Val) that makes hemoglobin S polymerize on deoxygenation, producing rigid cells that both block small vessels and\u2026", "summary": "Sickle cell disease arises from a single beta-globin mutation (Glu6Val) that makes hemoglobin S polymerize on deoxygenation, producing rigid cells that both block small vessels and hemolyze early. Newborn screening, penicillin prophylaxis, vaccination, hydroxyurea from 9 months, and stroke screening with transcranial Doppler have turned a once-lethal childhood disease into one most children now su", "status": "published", "section_count": 18, "section_match_count": 2, "sections": [{"section_id": "b0d345a025d2485d9cab889ff5fb1be5", "title": "Two overlapping faces of one disease: vaso-occlusion and hemolysis", "snippet": "It helps to think of sickle cell disease as producing two overlapping clinical patterns from the same molecular defect. The first, driven by rigid, adherent sickled cells physicall\u2026"}, {"section_id": "ad7d9f8ba9b64d58905a51c2d535414f", "title": "In short", "snippet": "- Sickle cell disease is caused by a Glu6Val substitution in beta-globin (HbS); deoxygenated HbS polymerizes into rigid fibers that distort the red cell and damage its membrane. - \u2026"}]}, {"id": 432, "slug": "neuromuscular", "title": "Neuromuscular", "snippet": "Neuromuscular disorders encompass diseases affecting motor neurons, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles, with spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrop\u2026", "summary": "Neuromuscular disorders encompass diseases affecting motor neurons, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles, with spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome being the most common pediatric presentations. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management, including corticosteroids for dystrophinopathies and immunotherapy for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syn", "status": "published", "section_count": 17, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "db83496c52164b6688a11f58299d6a8f", "title": "Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Treatment and Management", "snippet": "SMA management requires multidisciplinary care involving neurology, pulmonology, orthopedics, and rehabilitation specialists. The FDA has approved nusinersen, an antisense oligonuc\u2026"}]}, {"id": 82, "slug": "developmental-delay", "title": "Developmental Delay", "snippet": "Developmental delay encompasses conditions from transient erythroblastopenia and Tay-Sachs disease to Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and spinal muscular atrophy, affecting 1-3% of childre\u2026", "summary": "Developmental delay encompasses conditions from transient erythroblastopenia and Tay-Sachs disease to Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and spinal muscular atrophy, affecting 1-3% of children with varying severity and prognosis. Early recognition and intervention through specialized education and therapy services significantly improves long-term functional outcomes and reduces disability progression.", "status": "published", "section_count": 11, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "587d9cdf010d4db7b652188b86edd99f", "title": "Neurogenetic Disorders: Tay-Sachs Disease and Spinal Muscular Atrophy", "snippet": "Tay-Sachs disease results from hexosaminidase A deficiency causing GM2 ganglioside accumulation in neurons, particularly affecting the central nervous system. The pathophysiology i\u2026"}]}, {"id": 420, "slug": "inborn-errors-of-metabolism", "title": "Inborn Errors of Metabolism", "snippet": "Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic disorders affecting biochemical pathways that collectively represent a significant source of disease in infants and children, with clinical \u2026", "summary": "Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic disorders affecting biochemical pathways that collectively represent a significant source of disease in infants and children, with clinical presentations ranging from nonspecific neonatal illness to progressive encephalopathy. Early recognition and prompt metabolic management during catabolic states prevent irreversible brain damage and death, while newborn ", "status": "published", "section_count": 15, "section_match_count": 1, "sections": [{"section_id": "13bc010d4af94a2f8b7e98fd915e9508", "title": "Spinal Muscular Atrophy Treatment", "snippet": "Urgent Evaluation Required: - Evaluation of weak/hypotonic infant for possible SMA is urgent - Effective treatment with nusinersen (Spinraza) is available - Magnitude of benefit de\u2026"}]}], "flashcard": [], "media": [{"id": 4342, "path": "media/df1a3698ef7c4b9b9f134ee8e81733ec.png", "title": "Osteosarcoma", "caption": "An aggressive lesion of the distal femoral metaphysis with spiculated sunburst periosteal reaction, in a 13-year-old.", "kind": "photo", "source": "Case courtesy of Francisco Andrade Neto, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 170477", "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0", "article_id": 453, "article_slug": "pediatric-radiology-the-classic-findings", "article_title": "Pediatric Radiology: The Classic Findings", "section_id": "79430f44cb8a473ca38bcd4fceac62cf", "snippet": "An aggressive lesion of the distal femoral metaphysis with spiculated sunburst periosteal reaction, in a 13-year-old."}, {"id": 4330, "path": "media/9dfaab6df91443a494c8d5f787a7f58c.png", "title": "Ewing sarcoma", "caption": "A permeative, moth-eaten lesion of the proximal humerus with layered onion-skin periosteal reaction.", "kind": "photo", "source": "Case courtesy of Leonardo Lustosa, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 231652", "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0", "article_id": 453, "article_slug": "pediatric-radiology-the-classic-findings", "article_title": "Pediatric Radiology: The Classic Findings", "section_id": "ccd3f2ff7b1e46d5bab89cf0c4d46b0b", "snippet": "A permeative, moth-eaten lesion of the proximal humerus with layered onion-skin periosteal reaction."}]}, "counts": {"article": 19, "flashcard": 0, "media": 2}, "total": 21, "available": 21, "topic": {"article_id": 306, "slug": "osteosarcoma", "title": "Osteosarcoma", "summary": "Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor of childhood, peaking during the adolescent growth spurt and typically presenting with deep bone pain and swelling near the knee, treated with chemotherapy plus surgical resection.", "breadcrumb": ["Osteosarcoma", "Definition"], "section_id": "78cbe89ea2164f4ab4be246bb469499e", "figures": []}}